environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

. Students in a large introductory microeconomics course at a major research university were randomly assigned to live lectures … instruction. These results are particularly strong for Hispanic students, male students, and lower-achieving students. We also …

This paper is the first to explore the effects of school accountability systems on high-achieving students' long … basic skills apparently led to generally reduced performance by high-achieving students, while an accountability system … other technical subjects. Both types of systems are associated with increased "cramming" by students in college. The results …

students. However, very little empirical work has to date been completed on this topic. This paper provides the first empirical … every third, fourth, and fifth grader in a large school district over four years, we match students' test score gains and … substantial evidence that higher grading standards benefit students. We find that these effects are not uniform: High …

This study makes use of detailed student-level data from eight cohorts of first-year students at Northwestern … students learn relatively more from non-tenure line professors in their introductory courses. These differences are present … across a wide variety of subject areas, and are particularly pronounced for Northwestern's average students and less …

better than third generation immigrants. Among first generation immigrants, the earlier the arrival, the better the students … tend to perform. These patterns of findings hold for both Asian and Hispanic students, and suggest a general pattern of …

students' stress responses using cortisol samples provided by low-income students in New Orleans. We measure how their cortisol … experienced by students outside of school. Chronic stress - due to neighborhood violence, poverty, or family instability - can …, can affect whether performance on standardized tests is a valid measure of students' actual ability. We collect data on …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …