find that “singlestage”indices – those that are applied directly to a sample from amultivariate income distribution … first “discretised” into income intervals andthen a transition matrix or other tool is applied – may be robust if thefirst …

four low-income areas in England. Through successiverounds of interviews we are trying to understand how area conditions … parallel study is tracking 12 low-income areas across Englandand Wales from the 1991 Census to 2006.[...] …