definitions of middle-class using data from the 2007 World Gallup Poll. Seven objective income-based definitions of social class … fact that self-perceived social status is associated not just with income, but also with personal capabilities …

. Seven objective income-based definitions of social class are contrasted with a self-perceived social status measure … incomes. Mismatches arise because self-perceived social status is associated not just with income, but also with personal …

caught in a vicious circle. They lack sufficient access to education, credit and other means to generate income, so they earn … lower wages, which in turn prevents them from accumulating the assets they need to increase future income. The authors … analyze the ownership and use of income-generating assets, as well as access to them. Where there are market imperfections …

income persistence coefficients estimated with pseudo-panel data for Colombia, Ecuador, and Uruguay indicate that … indicate the direction of such mobility, the estimates of income differentials between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs for …

caught in a vicious circle. They lack sufficient access to education, credit and other means to generate income, so they earn … lower wages, which in turn prevents them from accumulating the assets they need to increase future income. The authors … analyze the ownership and use of income-generating assets, as well as access to them. Where there are market imperfections …