adoptive parents. We argue that the impact from biological parents captures broad pre-birth factors, including genes and … prenatal environment, and the impact from adoptive parents represents broad post-birth factors, such as childhood environment …, for the intergenerational association in education and income. We find that both pre- and post-birth factors contribute to …

mother’s or father’s education raises children’s education by about 0.1 year. Our estimated income elasticities are around 0.1. …We explore the adoption data approach to estimating causal effects of parental education and income on the same … outcomes of their children. Thanks to a data set drawn from Swedish population registers with detailed information on …

A vast literature has established a strong positive association of income with health status and a negative association … with mortality. This paper studies the effects of income on health and mortality, using only the part of income variation … that is due to a truly exogenous factor: the monetary lottery prizes of individuals. The findings are that higher income …

school share moderately improves short-term educational outcomes such as 9th-grade GPA and the fraction of students who …