We use a regression discontinuity design to examine students' responses to the negative incentive brought on by being … differently based on ability, we find that being placed on probation at the end of the first year discourages some students from … is known, we find that heterogeneous discouragement effects result in high ability students having a greater overall …

The strong correlation between parents' economic status and that of their children has been well-documented, but little … laws that affected the educational attainment of parents without affecting their innate abilities or endowments. We examine … the influence of parental compulsory schooling on grade retention status for children aged 7 to 15 using the 1960, 1970 …