families didn't receive the money. It may be that teachers need better training to address the needs of low-income students, or … performance, to see whether this incentive encourages students (and their parents) to pay more attention to learning. As part of … this, researchers would have to consider what support low-income households might need to monitor and assist their children …

new institutional setting of a market economy. The absolute level of income and of the standard of living is still low …