Using Eurobarometer data, we document large variation across European countries in education gradients in income, self … why the effect of education on income, health and health behaviors varies is not well understood. We build on previous …, compared to those graduating in good times. We investigate whether more educated individuals suffer smaller income and health …

income per capita and mortality rates, a correlation that also exists within countries, where richer, better-educated people … technical progress (some of which is induced by income and facilitated by education) as the ultimate determinant of health. Such … downplay direct causal mechanisms running from income to health …

-- education is related to income or occupational choice -- explain only a part of the education effect. We suggest that increasing …

are more likely to use newer drugs, while controlling for other individual characteristics, such as income and insurance …