persistence between parents and children's outcomes has been an active area of research. However, since Gary Solon's 1999 Chapter …

, and credit records, to identify the effects of increased student borrowing on credit-constrained students' educational …

We revisit one of the central empirical findings of the political economy literature that higher income per capita … causes democracy. Existing studies establish a strong cross-country correlation between income and democracy, but do not … country fixed effects removes the statistical association between income per capita and various measures of democracy. We also …

this is primarily a consequence of rising real per capita income, which more than doubled over the same period. We … investigate this hypothesis empirically by instrumenting for local area income with time-series variation in global oil prices … an increase in income on health expenditures. Our central estimate is an income elasticity of 0.7, with an elasticity of …