, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic … these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are … this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school …

the Graduate PLUS loan program. Access to additional federal loans increased graduate students' borrowing and shifted the … in constrained students' persistence or degree receipt. We document that among programs in which a larger share of … graduate students had exhausted their annual federal loan eligibility before the policy change--and thus were more exposed to …

built into the No Child Left Behind accountability regime exert positive impacts on students. Estimates indicate that the …-performing students, with the exception of gains from restructuring which are pervasive. We find no evidence that schools achieve gains … among low-performing students by depriving high-performing students of resources …