Medicaid expansions, which targeted low-income pregnant women, and were adopted differently across states and over time. We use …

, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic … these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are … this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school …

the Graduate PLUS loan program. Access to additional federal loans increased graduate students' borrowing and shifted the … in constrained students' persistence or degree receipt. We document that among programs in which a larger share of … graduate students had exhausted their annual federal loan eligibility before the policy change--and thus were more exposed to …

pronounced for hospitalizations and emergency department visits related to chronic illnesses and those of patients living in low-income …

short-, medium-, and long-term effects of providing low-income families with low birthweight infants support through the … Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This program uses a birthweight cutoff at 1200 grams to determine eligibility. We find … family income in the first three years of the infant's life. These cash benefits persist at lower amounts through age 10 …