, suggesting the positive shock to disposable income provided by the subsidies may be helping to improve children's scholastic … these subsidies on children's longer run outcomes. Using a sharp discontinuity in the price of childcare in Norway, we are … this, we find significant positive effect of the subsidies on children's academic performance in junior high school …

the Graduate PLUS loan program. Access to additional federal loans increased graduate students' borrowing and shifted the … in constrained students' persistence or degree receipt. We document that among programs in which a larger share of … graduate students had exhausted their annual federal loan eligibility before the policy change--and thus were more exposed to …

occupational sorting; first-born children are more likely to be managers, while later-born children are more likely to be self …-employed. We also find that earlier born children are more likely to be in occupations that require leadership ability, social … evidence of lower parental human capital investments in later-born children …

While recent research finds strong evidence that birth order affects children's outcomes such as education, IQ scores …