School choice may lead to improvements in school productivity if parents' choices reward effective schools and punish … ineffective ones. This mechanism requires parents to choose schools based on causal effectiveness rather than peer characteristics … estimate impacts on college attendance and college quality. Parents prefer schools that enroll high-achieving peers, and these …

boost achievement, these gains emerge only for students who attend lottery schools. Attendance at a coveted Grade A screened …

disadvantaged students to attend private schools of their choice. We exploit random assignment of LSP vouchers at oversubscribed …