special-need students, groups that charter critics have argued are typically under-served. The results show overall gains of 0 ….35 standard deviations in math and 0.12 standard deviations in reading for each year spent at KIPP Lynn. LEP students, special … education students, and those with low baseline scores benefit more from time spent at KIPP than do other students, with reading …

to work in schools with higher achieving students from more advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Principals often use … schools with many poor or low-achieving students as stepping stones to what they view as more desirable assignments. We use …

outcomes for students. In this paper, we use value-added methods to examine the relationship between a school's effectiveness … systematically recruit more effective teachers; whether they assign teachers to students more effectively; whether they do a better … novice teachers to students in a more equitable fashion. Third, we find that teachers who work in schools that were more …