This paper describes a field experiment in Oklahoma City Public Schools in which students were provided with free … cellular phones and daily information about the link between human capital and future outcomes via text message. Students …' reported beliefs about the relationship between education and outcomes were influenced by treatment, and treatment students …

be more effective because students do not know the educational production function, and thus have little clue how to turn …

one agent (students) for various inputs in the education production function (i.e. attendance, behavior, interim … assessments, homework, and uniforms). In Houston, TX, incentives were "vertical" - provided to multiple agents (parents, teachers …, and students) for a single input (math objectives). On outcomes for which we provided direct incentives, there were large …

In previous research, a substantial gap in test scores between White and Black students persists, even after …