environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

Using birth certificates matched to schooling records for Florida children born 1992-2002, we assess whether family … gap in neonatal health. We conclude that the gender gap among black children is larger than among white children in … substantial part because black children are raised in more disadvantaged families …

, on the distribution of income, and on overall economic growth. In contrast to these long run factors, today's school ….S. students …

comparable income data. Our growth analysis using these data confirms the significant effects of cognitive skills on intra …

Considerable controversy surrounds the impact of schools and teachers on the achievement of students. This paper … systematic factors a negative impact of initial years of teaching and a positive effect of smaller class sizes for low income … children in earlier grades but these effects are very small relative to the effects of overall teacher quality differences …

employ data from the universe of children born in Florida between 1994 and 2002 and in Denmark between 1990 and 2001, which …