emergence of differentials in abilities between children of advantaged families and children of disadvantaged families, (c) the …

special-need students, groups that charter critics have argued are typically under-served. The results show overall gains of 0 ….35 standard deviations in math and 0.12 standard deviations in reading for each year spent at KIPP Lynn. LEP students, special … education students, and those with low baseline scores benefit more from time spent at KIPP than do other students, with reading …

. Their study has been faulted because minority children and their parents may have pessimistic expectations about receiving … outcomes, minority parents and children have more pessimistic expectations about child schooling relative to white children and … their parents when their children are young. At later ages, expectations are more uniform across racial and ethnic groups …