-run peer quality improvements within schools, on the same population. While students at schools with higher-achieving peers …

Using longitudinal elementary school teacher and student data, we document that students have larger test score gains … within-teacher variation, we further show that a teacher's students have larger achievement gains in math and reading when …

scores, survey measures of socio-emotional development and behaviours in 9th-grade) for students who are more versus less … educationally advantaged (i.e., likely to attain more years of education based on 8th-grade characteristics). All students benefit … from attending effective schools. However, the least advantaged students experience the largest improvements in high …