The paper surveys the main trends of per capita income convergence in the European Union. It stresses that income … disparities have ceased to diminish across the European regions since 1980, although convergence between countries has continued … behind income convergence are analized by means of the decomposition of per capita income in labor productivity and …

Main trends of per capita income convergence in Portugal and the European Union are surveyed. An explanation is given … to the fact that in the last two decades countries have converged, while no visible convergence has taken place among the … distribution of the stock of existing firms in the European Union is fixed, it is assumed that the degree of convergence follows …

This paper reviews the empirical literature on growth and convergence that has addressed the importance of spatial …

The topic of convergence is at the heart of a wide-ranging debate in the growth literature. Empirical studies of … convergence differ widely in their theoretical backgrounds, empirical specifications and in their treatment of cross …-sectional heterogeneity. Despite these differences, a rate of convergence of about 2% has been found under a variety of different conditions …