convergence speed of per capita income among municipios and test whether spatial externalities are linked to local income growth …. Conditionally on structural characteristics, we find evidence of convergence between municipios and of positive spatial dependence …

convergence to market equilibrium. It is expedient that some parties have differentiable objectives or make strictly feasible …

distance. Furthermore, there is little evidence of income convergence. Using various methods and data sets, we show that many …

This paper proposes a pair-wise approach to testing for output convergence that considers all N(N-1)/2 possible pairs … of log per capita output gaps across N economies. A general probabilistic definition of output convergence is also …-2000. Overall, the results do not support output convergence, and suggest that the findings of convergence clubs in the literature …