The lag in innovation in Italy vis-�-vis the other main industrial countries is one of the effects of the … suitable than debt for financing innovation, is less common than in other countries. Public incentives for firms have had … modest results. To enhance the capacity for innovation some actions should be taken to help firms grow, adopt a more …

The paper surveys the literature on the measurement of innovation activity and evaluates the position of Italy with … respect to the other major European countries. Innovation has been measured from different perspectives: the environment in … which firms operate, firms' commitment, its outcome. Both traditional and new measures of innovation are considered, using …