Ethnic inventors play important roles in US innovation systems, especially in high-tech regions like Silicon Valley. Do … ‘ethnicity-innovation’ channels exist elsewhere? This paper investigates, using a new panel of UK patents microdata. In theory …, ethnicity might affect positively innovation via ‘star’ migrants, network externalities from co-ethnic groups, or production …

This article presents a formalization of knowledge based on a connectionist model of a firm's structure. Transaction … costs are not ignored, but integrated with the knowledge-based approach. A numerical example on the canonical comparison of …

a long run analysis (of more than one century) of two firms which operate in the cork business in Spain and Portugal …

products from Portugal and Spain between 1930 and 1974. In the first part, we analyse the main structural alterations that …

During the second half of the twentieth century, the Spanish cork industry lost its hegemonic position to Portugal in … industrial cork district of Aveiro (Santa Maria da Feira) in the north of Portugal. It was there that the growth of the … of industrial investment in Portugal - the socalled Industrial Conditioning (Condicionamento Industrial) - did not …