This paper studies the Gold Standard in Portugal. It was the first country in Europe to join Great Britain in 1854. The … are appropriate for the Gold Standard in Portugal. …

national innovation systems. The study also analyses the factors behind this industry's poor productivity growth. A scenario …

. The business services industry has an important role in the national innovation system and in knowledge spillovers to … other industries. The innovation contribution of business services to the rest of the economy may countervail the effect of … strengthening its role in knowledge spillovers to client industries. …

of analysis. Considering as unit of analysis the region of Beira Interior (Portugal), this article aims to provide a TOWS …