This article presents a formalization of knowledge based on a connectionist model of a firm's structure. Transaction … costs are not ignored, but integrated with the knowledge-based approach. A numerical example on the canonical comparison of …

national innovation systems. The study also analyses the factors behind this industry's poor productivity growth. A scenario …

. The business services industry has an important role in the national innovation system and in knowledge spillovers to … other industries. The innovation contribution of business services to the rest of the economy may countervail the effect of … strengthening its role in knowledge spillovers to client industries. …

geographically and function-ally. They promoted rapid innovation by resorting to systematic Research and Development ef- forts. And … innovation in the econ-omy. Hence, to the extent that policy makers strive to achieve the priorities of citizens, they are …

of analysis. Considering as unit of analysis the region of Beira Interior (Portugal), this article aims to provide a TOWS …