This article presents a formalization of knowledge based on a connectionist model of a firm's structure. Transaction … costs are not ignored, but integrated with the knowledge-based approach. A numerical example on the canonical comparison of …

. Uniting Schumpeter's concern for innovation with Keynes' concern for uncertainty and expectations formation, this article … focuses on the behaviour of entrepreneurs confronting uncertainty caused by innovation. Entrepreneurs' behaviour is … opened up by a successful innovation generates a state of optimism in the minds of single entrepreneurs, which eventually …

This paper examines the links between innovation and productivity in service enterprises. For this purpose, we use … micro data from the Community Innovation Survey 2008 in Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom, and estimate an augmented … structural model. Our results indicate that innovation in service enterprises is linked to higher productivity. In all three …

innovation experience, the results further highlight the important role of knowledge provided by skilled employees and unobserved …This paper investigates whether firms innovate persistently or discontinuously over time using an innovation panel data … set on German manufacturing and service firms for the period 1994-2002. We find that innovation behaviour is permanent at …

process innovations, this paper reports new results on the relationship between innovation and employment growth in Germany … CIS data. It establishes a theoretical link between employment growth and innovation output. The econometric analysis …

This paper examines how productivity effects of human capital and innovation vary at different points of the …-technology manufacturing, average innovation performance is higher in all industries in Germany and the innovation performance distributions … investing in product innovation in the majority of industries. Frontier firms enjoy the highest returns to pro duct innovation …