We assess the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function … the efficiency of its innovation system is inversely u-shaped. Regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less …

Innovation processes are characterized by a pronounced division of labor between actors. Two types of externality may … innovation (MAR externalities). On the other hand, new ideas may be born by the exchange of heterogeneous and complementary … knowledge between actors, which belong to different industries (Jacobs' externalities). We test the impact of both MAR as well …

the region in generating new knowledge. The efficiency measure is constructed by relating regional R&D input and output …