This article presents a formalization of knowledge based on a connectionist model of a firm's structure. Transaction … costs are not ignored, but integrated with the knowledge-based approach. A numerical example on the canonical comparison of …

trial-and-error and learning by consuming. The key question that is addressed is: how do consumers deal with innovation? By … bringing together a number of threads within the innovation literature my claim is that consumers, akin to firms, follow …

national innovation systems. The study also analyses the factors behind this industry's poor productivity growth. A scenario …

firm level. The first part of our analysis is dedicated to the determinants of innovation and reveals two different … innovation regimes. On the one hand, radical innovations rely strongly on firm-level spillovers, including property rights, and … innovation height matters. We also find evidence that TFP growth is better represented by an upward shift of the production …

play a role in the contemporaneous evolution of innovation in a broad cross section of countries today. Our results …, while 'home grown' innovation is more sensitive to internal structural and institutional factors. …