present a comprehensive statistical and econometric analysis of employment, unemployment and participation in Poland in the … with some policy prescriptions. At the moment Poland exhibits the highest unemployment rate in OECD and one of the lowest … increase of unemployment in 1998- 1999 and its later persistence. We find that the supply-side characteristics and sectoral …

Keynes (1936) said that shortage of money caused by hoarding or failure to invest led to unemployment, but Lucas (1972 …) said that money does not affect unemployment. The tables have now turned. Gani (2003) produced a model of indirect trade in … which money is necessary as a means of payment. Involuntary unemployment occurs under indirect exchange, just when the …

Measures aimed at reducing the tax burden on labour have been advocated to alleviate the EU unemployment problem. Most … of the analyses document a relationship between the unemployment rate and the tax burden on labour. Hence, it is not … possible to discern whether the effect on unemployment derives from labour demand, labour supply or through the wage formation …

associated with inequality adversely affected the emergence of institutions that promote human capital accumulation. The research …

distribution of land ownership, adversely affected the implementation of human capital promoting institutions (e.g., public …