-inflation variables such as real income has been given a somewhat passive role, either assuming it exogenous or to have a negligible role … extreme Yugoslavian episode to investigate the role of income.  The analysis suggests that even in extreme hyper-inflation the … monetary variables and real income are simultaneously determined.  The methodology enables a description of the short term …

Trade of the OECD countries has grown faster than income during the postwar period. This paper tests a number of … different hypotheses for the observed growth in the trade/income ratio. For small open economies, increases in real output and …

, or because preferences have become more similar with rising per capita income. …

explore what combination of the expenditure data and the income data seem to produce the most sensible data according to a few …

consistent with a model of quality-quantity of leisure, where individuals substitute quality for quantity as their income rises. …

There is a large literature showing that the self-employed underreport their income to tax authorities. In this paper …, we quantify the extent to which the self-employed also systematically underreport their income in U.S. household surveys …. To do so, we use the Engel curve describing the relationship between income and expenditures of wage and salary workers …