choice models, which include indicators for age, income, education, family type, plus several immigrant characteristics, to …

the gap is generally below $10,000. Various decomposition results indicate that the age of the major income recipient (and … of the spouse for married families) as well as factors affecting permanent income explain a significant portion of the … distribution, however, the wealth gap cannot be explained by the age of the major income recipient, permanent income factors, or …

minority-white income differences and the role cognitive skills play in those patterns. Some minority groups have substantially … the case of certain male groups, these differences play a significant role in explaining the observed income patterns. The … ethnic-white income gaps are, however, much smaller for women, and the literacy and numeracy variables do not have much of a …

Discussions of pension adequacy for elderly Canadians have used the rate at which income falls with age; the income … replacement rate or the ratio of post-retirement income to pre-retirement income. Use of income streams to assess post … example, work-related expenses) can be expected to fall after retirement, a declining income stream does not necessarily …

retirement preparation in Canada and the soundness of the Canadian retirement income system. The focus of this study is to …