The issue of whether higher lifetime income households save a larger fraction of their income is an important factor in … empirical methods and the Panel Study on Income Dynamics, the Survey of Consumer Finances, and the Consumer Expenditure Survey … income groups: differences in Social Security benefits, different time preference rates, non-homothetic preferences, bequest …

log consumption, assets, and labor income will be cointegrated. They conclude that this cointegrating relationship is …, assets, and labor income that are jointly consistent with an underlying budget constraint. By contrast, Lettau and Ludvigson …