Commercializing knowledge involves transfer from discovering scientists to those who will develop it commercially. New … opportunities if high. Hence new knowledge remains naturally excludable and appropriable. Team production allows more knowledge … capture of tacit, complex discoveries by firm scientists. A robust indicator of a firm's tacit knowledge capture (and strong …

university scientists in which valuable tacit knowledge is transferred in both directions. We provide suggestive evidence that …-tech firms have adopted a strategy of operating near the edge of the scientific envelope where high levels of tacit knowledge …