on consumption, in comparison to shocksto the income stream.[...] …

whilepoor ones grew rich. We question their analysis with regard to both of their proxiesfor pre-modern income, namely … (butnot significant) correlation between pre-modern and contemporary income. Second,we show that their measure of population …

We introduce a model of redistributive income taxation and public expenditure. Thisjoint treatment permits analyzing … that partisanconfrontation essentially falls on expenditure policies rather than on income taxation.We examine the case in … which the expenditure policy (or the size of government) ischosen by majority voting and income taxation is consistently …

In this paper we examine the concept of "vulnerability" (Townsend 1994) within thecontext of income mobility of the … have the greatest impact on consumption, incomparison to shocks to the income stream. Quantile-specific estimates … income stream. The estimates are foundto be robust to household composition and year-specific shocks.[...] …