the average school-leaving age of students holding the same certificate or degree. We use past school-opening instruments …, and distance-to-the-nearest-college, also measured in the past, when students were entering grade 6, to identify the …

cycle, of several dimensions of economic inequality, including wages, labor earnings, income, consumption, and wealth. After … and the cyclical fluctuations in income inequality. The rise in income inequality was stronger at the bottom of the … distribution. Consumption inequality increased less than disposable income inequality, and tracked the latter much more closely at …