of the typical American firm. Variable pay is usually touted as a way to provide incentives to managers whose interests … received much attention, but that is consistent with may of the facts, is selection. Managers and industry specialists may have … information about a firm's prospects that is unavailable to outside investors. In order to induce managers to be truthful about …

their classmates do worse. The theory presented below reconciles all of these facts by recognizing that classroom teaching … ranges away from equilibrium levels will adversely affect educational output. The theory argues for a particular non … by lowering class size. The theory provides a measurable and operational way to define school quality that can be tested …