We propose a framework where perceptions of uncertainty are driven by the interaction between cognitive constraints and the way that people learn about it--whether information is presented sequentially or simultaneously. People can learn about uncertainty by observing the distribution of...

Economics tends to define and measure discrimination as disparities stemming from the direct (causal) effects of protected group membership. But work in other fields notes that such measures are incomplete, as they can miss important systemic (i.e. indirect) channels. For example, racial...