In Rubinstein's (1989) E-mail game there exists no Nash equilibrium where players use strategies that condition on the E-mail communication. In this paper I restrict the utilizable information for one player. I show that in contrast to Rubinstein's result, in a payoff dominant Nash equilibrium...

Robust learning experiments confront participants with structurally different decision environments which they encounter, furthermore, repeatedly. Since the decision format does not depend on the rules (of game), forward looking deliberation (the shadow of the future) can be detected by...

A numerical method for a class of Itô stochastic differential equations with a finite delay term is introduced. The method is based on the forward Euler approximation and is parameterised by its time step. Weak convergence with respect to a class of smooth test functionals is established by...