Euro area governments have committed to break the doom loop between banks and sovereigns. But policymakers disagree on …

This paper uses a unique dataset where credit rejections experienced by euro area firms are matched with firm and bank … the euro area during the sovereign debt crisis, and in credit developments characterising the post-crisis recovery … representation of euro area firms of small and medium size. Our findings suggest that, while firm balance sheet factors have been …

This paper investigates the link between sovereign ratings and macroeconomic fundamentals for a group of euro area … countries which recorded rating downgrades amid the euro area sovereign debt crisis. We apply an elaborated econometric … estimation technique, based on a Bayesian ordered probit model, to understand how the decisions of rating agencies can be …