, children's peers are complementary to financial investment by parents, while the adult role models are substitutes. In contrast … of a convex relation in rural and urban Indonesia. The rural-urban relative mobility curves cross, with the children of … children when the father has more than nine years of schooling. However, the rural children face lower absolute mobility across …

returns to schooling are positive and that returns tend to be higher in low- and middle-income countries than in higher-income … association between cognitive and noncognitive skills and earnings in low- and middle-income countries. The study uses measures of …

, within 70 countries at various levels of development, there is a positive relationship between income per capita and the … fully accounted for by (a) relatively higher ICT prices in low-income countries and (b) industrial composition …

structural route of the past, through manufacturing, to higher income, but with appropriate investments, they can develop high …