. The value of other input factors, such as (knowledge) capital and labor is likely to be affected by the education level of … and/or higher quality universities with a positive effect on research and development (R&D) and knowledge spillovers …

Knowledge drives the growth of nations and regions in a competitive space-economy. Hence, we would expect a strong … correlation between investments in R&D, knowledge and learning processes, on the one hand, and productivity increases, on the … other. However, the empirical evidence shows consistent discrepancies between knowledge inputs and economic performance …