Knowledge drives the growth of nations and regions in a competitive space-economy. Hence, we would expect a strong … correlation between investments in R&D, knowledge and learning processes, on the one hand, and productivity increases, on the … other. However, the empirical evidence shows consistent discrepancies between knowledge inputs and economic performance …

This paper examines the evolution of the returns to education in Portugal over the 1980s andearly 1990s. The main …