This paper examines the fiscal policy challenges for oil-centred economies over the past few years in general, focusing on developments in four major oil-exporting countries in EU neighbouring regions: Algeria, Nigeria, Russia and Saudi Arabia

This paper provides an overview of supply and demand factors influencing the availability of euro-denominated debt instruments that qualify as high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) in the euro area. The paper estimates the supply of HQLA issued by the public and private sectors as well as the...