This note provides two analytical frameworks for understanding the role of trade in promoting inclusive growth in developing economies. A working definition of inclusive growth focuses on long-term, sustained growth associated with productivity growth and employment opportunities for broad...

Using firm-level data covering 709 cities in 128 countries, this paper examines the role of a comprehensive list of business environment variables at the subnational level in explaining firm employment and productivity growth. The analysis finds basic protection, access to finance and...

This paper presents new evidence on the patterns of cyclicality in the fiscal policy stance of developing and industrialized countries over a period of more than three decades covering 180 countries during 1980?2012. First, the paper considers issues of robustness in the choice of the proxy for...

Die Notenbanken haben weltweit mit einer Ausweitung ihrer Bilanzen auf das Scheitern der Kreditwirtschaft in der Finanz- und Schuldenkrise reagiert. Allerdings bleibt offen, wie sie in ein tragbares Regime der traditionellen Geld- und Kreditabsicherungsbeziehungen zurückgelangen können. Das...