are in much worse health than those at the top. This health gradient exists whether education, income, or financial wealth …, feedbacks from new health events to household income are one of the reasons that underlie the strength of the income gradient …

olds, we estimate similar health gradients in income and wealth in both countries, but for 70-80 year old, we find no … income gradient in UK. Standard behavioral risk factors (work, marriage, obesity, exercise, and smoking) almost fully explain … income gradients among 55-64 years old in both countries and a significant part among Americans 70-80 years old. The most …