entrepreneurship? We compile four hand-collected measures of high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship (VC-funded IPOs, self … entrepreneurship and the other relating to small business activity. Except for the World Bank measure of firm registration of limited … liability companies quantity-based measures tend to be inappropriate proxies for high-impact Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. …

We examine whether Europe has an "entrepreneurship deficit" compared to other industrialized regions. Cross …-country comparisons are difficult due to the lack of standard empirical definitions of entrepreneurship. Measures focusing on small … business activity and startup rates suggest that Europe has the same or higher rates of entrepreneurship than the U.S. and East …