Research on entrepreneurship has received an increased amount of interest in recent years, with self-employment being … used as the most common proxy for “entrepreneurship” in empirical studies. However, there are various ways of defining self …

This paper analyzes how institutional differences affect university entrepreneurship. We focus on ownership of faculty … commercialization; entrepreneurship or licenses to established firms, as well as on probabilities of successful commercialization. We … find that the US system is less conducive to entrepreneurship than the Swedish system if established firms have some …

. We also show that commercialization support induces entrepreneurship but may lead to mediocre entrepreneurship by … inducing entrepreneurs to choose less risky projects, whereas R&D support encourages entrepreneurship without affecting the … type of entrepreneurship. Using Swedish patent citation data, we find empirical support for predictions of the model. …

enter entrepreneurship, to become self-employed, and to switch to another employer. The effects of layers are much stronger … for business creation than for jobswitching and they are stronger for entrepreneurship than for self-employment. However …

. Using a dataset with over 24 million observations and more than 230,000 entries into entrepreneurship, we show that newly …