tournament structure explains the performance gender-gap. We find that performance is statistically lower for women, the variance …

high-prize tournament, while low-ability agents compete for the low prize. However, there are also equilibria in which … agents follow a mixed strategy and there can be reverse sorting, i.e. low-ability agents are in the tournament with the high … prize, while high-ability agents are in the low-prize tournament. We show that total effort always decreases compared to a …

tournament where they are ranked according to the quality of their services, and rewarded in terms of contract renewals. We …