the loser-selecting tournament, which means the promotion ratio is more than one-half, workers prefer a low risk approach … or a common approach which peers also know well; on the other hand, under the winner-selecting tournament, which means … results suggest that the loser-selecting tournament is more efficient than the winner-selecting tournament in terms of the …

as men. This paper presents an experimental design that gives participants the opportunity to enter a tournament as part … of a team rather than alone. Although a large and significant gender gap in entry in the individual tournament is found …, in line with the literature, no gender gap is found in entry in the team tournament. Women do not enter the tournament …

manager’s subordinates. In our set up, managers compete to obtain a large bonus which depends partly on the effort exerted by … their subordinates. Managers can suggest an effort level and coerce subordinates who disobey by punishing them. When … managers compete for individual bonuses, we find that subordinates do not obey their demands. This doubles coercion rates …

A two-stage, two-person tournament is discussed, in which each player can influence the other one at the first stage by … choosing help, sabotage or no action. At the second stage, the players choose effort to win the tournament. Helping and …

. We show that when the subjects choose to enter a tournament, the average effort is higher and the between …