third is to match private educational expenditures, paid for by students or their parents, with equivalent public education … from each other. The imputed income from publicly provided education reduces inequality by between 3 and 4 Gini points and … increases incomes by about 6%. My conclusion is that the value of public education in Brazil is close to 6% of household income …

average incomes surged from 2017 to 2018 they were still below their peak in 2014. More than 80% of all income growth between …