This Paper surveys the economic literature on the impact of trade unions on innovation. There are many theoretical … routes through which unions may have an effect on innovation, for example through their effects on relative factor prices …&D, innovation, technological diffusion and productivity growth. North American results find consistently strong and negative impacts …

Public Technology Procurement and Innovation studies public technology procurement as an instrument of innovation … research literature on the economics of innovation. Similarly, preoccupation with `supply-side' measures has led policy … obstacles to the use of public technology procurement as a means of stimulating and supporting technological innovation …