or output of a knowledge production function. We suggest that the productivity of research in patent production functions … to patentable knowledge, and development happens after the initial research phase that may have led to a patent. Instead … of using data on R&D, we separate the knowledge creating process into 'R' and 'D'. This data stems from R&D surveys of …

language knowledge of low-educated migrants causes these results, as immigrants for whom themother tongue is similar to the …

The creation of spinoff companies is often promoted as a desirable mechanism for transferring knowledge and …

market (innovation). It turns out that spillovers from rivals lead to more imitation, while inputs from customers and … research institutions enhance original innovation. …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …

Using Dutch data we empirically investigate how financing and innovation vary across firm characteristics. We find that … when firms face financial constraints, debt financing and innovation choices are not independent of firm characteristics …

This paper integrates innovation input and output effects of R&D subsidies into a modified Crépon–Duguet–Mairesse (CDM …